Yak Culture

Domesticated Herd in Tibet

If you decide to go trekking in Nepal or Tibet's mountainous regions, you will often find local farmers tending to their herds of Yaks. Yaks are large, long-haired, bison-like animals known as bovine, that graze on grass and other shrubs. They will not eat grain, contrary to some beliefs. Yaks were once found in wild herds throughout Nepal and Bhutan, but wild Yaks are now considered ''vulnerable'' and found mostly as domesticated animals.

The Yak is said to have diverged from typical cattle some 1 to 5 million years ago. The Wild Yak is amongst the largest bovine, second only to the Gaur in shoulder height. Wild Yaks stand about 5-7 ft. tall at the shoulder and weigh 670-2,200 lbs. The female wild Yak is about 1/3 the weight and 30% smaller in height. The domesticated Yak is much smaller with males weighing 770-1,300 lbs and females weighing in around 500-600 lbs). You can differentiate a male from a female by their horns. Male horns are generally darker in color and sweep out to the side, whereas female horns are a bit lighter in color, smaller, and have an upright shape. A male is called a Yak and a female a Nak. So, no--There is NO such thing as Yak Cheese-- Its NAK Cheese!

Wild Yak

Yaks are very heavily built, with bulky frames and sturdy legs--made for hard work. They are the only bovine with long, thick hair--which helps them live comfortably at colder, high-altitude climates. Their larger lungs and hearts also help them live and perform at a higher rate than those cattle of lower altitudes. Yaks consume only about 1% of their body weight each day, compared to the 3% consumed by common cattle. Yaks do not thrive at lower altitudes, however, and begin to suffer from heat exhaustion around 15C or 59F. This is due to their thick layer of fat and hair, as well as having almost non-functional sweat glands.

Yaks are generally friendly in nature and are easily domesticated and trained. They are usually not hostile creatures but mothers, as with any animals, can be very protective of her young and even charge if she feels there is a threat.

Tibetan Woman with her Yak

Mt. Kailash Yak Caravan

Yaks are domesticated primarily for their milk, hair, meat, and ability to carry large quantities of goods between villages. Their droppings are considered important fuel--used all over Tibet and in parts of Nepal. Yaks are used to not only to transport local goods, but also to transport equipment for mountain expeditions. Their milk can be turned into tasty cheese and butter used in the famous Tibetan Butter Tea, and their hair into wool for a number of quality products such as bags, hats, gloves, socks, coats, decorations, and much more.




If you're out on the trail--make sure to stock up on local NAK cheese and try the infamous Tibetan Butter Tea. You'll see why the locals worship this animal--for giving to them in such abundance.